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Description of Streptokinase Streptokinase is a nonenzymatic protein produced by group C beta-hemolytic streptococci. Clinically, it is used as a parenteral thrombolytic agent in the management of acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, occluded arteriovenous cannulae, and acute arterial thrombosis and embolism. Streptokinase is not recommended in patients with acute ischemic stroke due … Read more
Description of Phentolamine Phentolamine is an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Phentolamine is similar in action to phenoxybenzamine but is administered parenterally and has a shorter duration of action. Approved uses of phentolamine include diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and treatment of hypertension in pheochromocytoma, prevention of tissue necrosis after norepinephrine extravasation, and reversal of soft tissue anesthesia. Phentolamine … Read more
Description of Cefepime Cefepime is a parenteral cephalosporin with pharmacokinetics and spectrum of activity similar to ceftazidime, a ‘third-generation’ cephalosporin. Because cefepime may be active against some organisms resistant to ceftazidime, some consider cefepime a ‘fourth-generation’ cephalosporin. Cefepime is comparable to ceftazidime in its coverage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and it may be more active than ceftazidime … Read more
Description of Physostigmine Physostigmine is a parenteral and ophthalmic cholinesterase inhibitor. Physostigmine is similar to neostigmine except that it is a tertiary amine while neostigmine is a quaternary amine. This difference may explain the increased activity of physostigmine in the CNS. Physostigmine most commonly is used as an ophthalmic agent in the treatment of open-angle … Read more
Description of Alvimopan (entereg) Alvimopan is the first oral, gastrointestinal-specific mu-opioid receptor antagonist and is indicated to accelerate the time to upper and lower gastrointestinal recovery following partial large or small bowel resection surgery with primary anastomosis (i.e., prevention of postoperative ileus). The efficacy of alvimopan in the management of postoperative ileus was evaluated in … Read more
Description of Trospium Trospium is an oral non-specific antimuscarinic agent. Trospium is indicated for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) in adults. Trospium decreases the frequency of bladder contractions, resulting in a reduction in urinary frequency, urgency and incontinence. Trospium is effective in patients with idiopathic or neurogenic detrusor overactivity, with symptoms of overactive bladder … Read more
Description of Sufentanil Sufentanil is an injectable and sublingual opioid agonist of the phenylpiperidine class. Injectable sufentanil is indicated as a primary anesthetic agent for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia with 100% oxygen in patients undergoing major surgical procedures to provide favorable myocardial and cerebral oxygen balance or when extended postoperative ventilation is required, … Read more
Description of Cevimeline Cevimeline is a quinuclidine derivative of acetylcholine and acts as a cholinergic agonist. Cevimeline improves the symptoms of dry mouth (xerostomia) in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Prior to the approval of cevimeline, pilocarpine was the only other agent approved for this indication; however, significant advantages of cevimeline over pilocarpine have yet to … Read more
Description of Apomorphine Apomorphine, a non-narcotic derivative of morphine, is approved as a sublingual film for the treatment of acute, intermittent ‘off’ episodes associated with Parkinson’s disease and as a subcutaneous injection for use in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease. Apomorphine has also been used as a diagnostic test for dopaminergic responsiveness in parkinsonian syndromes … Read more
Description of Pethidine/Meperidine Meperidine hydrochloride (known as pethidine outside the US) is a synthetic opiate agonist belonging to the phenylpiperidine class. Other members of this group include alfentanil, diphenoxylate, fentanyl, loperamide, and sufentanil. The chemical structure of meperidine is similar to local anesthetics. Meperidine is a second-line agent for the treatment of moderate to severe … Read more