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Description of Doxapram Doxapram is a parenteral analeptic and respiratory stimulant indicated for postanesthesia respiratory depression or apnea other than that due to muscle relaxant drugs, drug-induced central nervous system (CNS) depression, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with acute hypercapnia. The respiratory stimulant action is manifested by an increase in tidal volume associated … Read more
Description of Nesiritide Nesiritide is an intravenous recombinant purified preparation of human B-type natriuretic peptide (hBNP), a naturally-occurring hormone produced in the ventricles of the heart. The drug is produced in E. coli using recombinant DNA technology. Nesiritide is indicated for the acute treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF), and has primarily been studied in … Read more
Description of Sodium iodide I-131 Sodium iodide I-131 (Na131I), is an oral radioactive iodide isotope that is used both therapeutically and diagnostically. The radiopharmaceutical is selectively trapped by non-malignant and, to a lesser degree, malignant thyroid tissue. Sodium iodide I-131 was approved in 1957 for radioactive iodide ablation in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and select … Read more
Description of Sodium Iodide I 123 Sodium iodide is a nutritional supplement for addition to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions. It is primarily indicated to prevent depletion of endogenous iodine stores and related iodine deficiency symptoms. Iodide is the ionized form of iodine, an essential trace element for humans and an integral part of the … Read more
Description of Dronedarone Dronedarone is an antiarrhythmic agent developed to have similar efficacy to amiodarone with an improved safety and tolerability profile. However, dronedarone carries a boxed warning contraindicating its use in patients with NYHA Class IV heart failure, patients with symptomatic heart failure with recent decompensation, and in patients in atrial fibrillation who cannot … Read more
Description of Abciximab Abciximab was the first FDA-approved platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor. It is the Fab fragment of the chimeric monoclonal antibody 7E3. The substitution of human IgG for the murine IgG molecule produces a Fab fragment that causes fewer allergic and thrombocytopenic complications. Abciximab was FDA-approved in December 1994. In November 1997, the FDA … Read more
Description of Edrophonium Edrophonium is a rapid-acting, short-duration, parenteral cholinesterase inhibitor. It is the drug of choice for diagnosing myasthenia gravis because of its rapid onset of action and reversibility. Other uses include assessing cholinesterase inhibitor therapy, differentiating cholinergic and myasthenic crises, and reversing the effects of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers after surgery. Edrophonium has been … Read more
Description of Valacyclovir Valacyclovir is an antiviral agent with activity against alpha-herpes viruses. It is FDA approved for the treatment of: herpes labialis (cold sores) in patients 12 years and older; chickenpox in pediatric patients aged 2 to less than 18 years; herpes zoster (shingles) in immunocompetent adults; and genital herpes (initial episode, recurrent episodes, … Read more
Description of Fomepizole Fomepizole is a competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase. It is FDA-approved for the treatment of ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning. The drug must be diluted and administered by intravenous infusion over 30 minutes; administration as an undiluted intravenous bolus is associated with venous irritation and phlebosclerosis. If given with hemodialysis, which should … Read more
Description of Fosphenytoin Fosphenytoin is a water-soluble, parenteral prodrug of phenytoin, a hydantoin anticonvulsant Intravenous (IV) fosphenytoin is used for status epilepticus. IV or intramuscular (IM) fosphenytoin may be substituted short-term for oral phenytoin in situations where oral phenytoin is not appropriate or advantageous. Unlike phenytoin, fosphenytoin is soluble in standard intravenous solutions and is … Read more